Friday, 2 January 2015

PHP Predefined variables

 PHP Predefined variables

sample URL like and after submit
 http://localhost/test.php  -->   http://localhost/result.php?id=21

Server variables: $_SERVER : Server and execution environment information.


$_SERVER['PHP_SELF']                            output : /result.php

$_SERVER['GATEWAY_INTERFACE']         output :CGI/1.1

$_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR']                     output : 127.0.0.1

$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']                output :  127.0.0.1

$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']                     output : localhost

$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']                       output :  localhost

$_SERVER['SERVER_SOFTWARE']             output : Apache/2.2.17 (Win32) PHP/5.3.4

$_SERVER['HTTP_CONNECTION']         output : keep-alive 

$_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']             output : HTTP/1.1

$_SERVER['SERVER_ADMIN']               output : admin@localhost

$_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']              output : POST/ GET

$_SERVER['SERVER_PORT ']                  output : 80

$_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME']                    output :1420187992

$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']                    output : id=21

$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']                    output :  /result.php?id=21

$_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']                    output :/result.php

$_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']            output : C:/wamp/www/result.php

$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']            output :  C:/wamp/www/

$_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']                outputhttp://localhost/test.php (previous page)

$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']          output :  C:/wamp/www/

$GLOBALS   : Global variables References all variables available in global scope.

Example: 
$x = 75;           $y = 25; 
function addition() { 
    $GLOBALS['z'] = $GLOBALS['x'] + $GLOBALS['y']; 
}
addition(); 
echo $z; 

Output:
100

$_GET: HTTP GET variables.

URL like and after submit
 http://localhost/test.php  -->   http://localhost/result.php?id=21
$_GET['id'] 

Output :  21


$_POST: HTTP POST variables.

<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];?>">
  Name: <input type="text" name="fname">
  <input type="submit">
</form>

<?php
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
    // collect value of input field
    $name = $_POST['fname'];
    if (empty($name)) {
        echo "Name is empty";
    } else {
        echo $name;
    }
}
?>


$_FILES: HTTP File Upload variables.

An associative array of items uploaded to the current script via the HTTP POST method


$_REQUEST: HTTP Request variables.

Example: 
<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];?>">
  Name: <input type="text" name="fname">
  <input type="submit">
</form>

<?php
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
    // collect value of input field
    $name = $_REQUEST['fname'];
    if (empty($name)) {
        echo "Name is empty";
    } else {
        echo $name;
    }
}
?>

$_SESSION: Session variables.

A session creates a file in a temporary directory on the server where registered session variables and their values are stored. This data will be available to all pages on the site during that visit

Example:
<?php
   session_start();
   if( isset( $_SESSION['counter'] ) )
   {
      $_SESSION['counter'] += 1;
   }
   else
   {
      $_SESSION['counter'] = 1;
   }
   $msg = "You have visited this page ".  $_SESSION['counter'];
   $msg .= "in this session.";
?>
<html>
<head>
<title>Setting up a PHP session</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php  echo ( $msg ); ?>
</body>
</html>
Output
You have visited this page 1in this session.
(after refresh )
You have visited this page 2in this session.......

$_COOKIE: HTTP Cookies.

Cookies are text files stored on the client computer and they are kept of use tracking purpose. PHP transparently supports HTTP cookies.

setcookie(name, value, expire, path, domain, security);

Example:
   setcookie("name", "John Watkin", time()+3600, "/","", 0);
   setcookie("age", "36", time()+3600, "/", "",  0);

Output
Set Cookies John Watkin
36

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